In relation to objective 1 (achieve over 10% energy saving (tank to wheel (TtW)), excluding effects of plug-in hybrids) and corresponding CO2 reduction) the following results were achieved:
• The simulation for the Hybrid drives to layout the tailored battery and electric motor sizing were performed and hence to optimize the recuperation potential during real driving for various use cases (WP3)
• For the “connected vehicles” target the main features of the connected functions were successfully defined with the partners. Specifically, the connected cloud (Eco-routing, ZE zone Battery SOC provision) and onboard features (Eco-Driving) software was developed and as first step, the eco-routing was implemented in the cloud (Task 2.1)
In relation to Objective 2 (Realisation of robust ICE engine technology for use of future fuels (HVO, dual fuel mixtures), to achieve a major (>90%) CO2 reduction well to wheel) the following results were achieved:
• With the MeOH combustion engine efficiency has been increased significantly above the ones of current diesel engines at reduced pollutants emission without smoke (Task 2.2)
• About the H2 combustion the results show that mixture homogeneity plays a key role in efficient H2 engine operation with low pollutants. In addition, the engine efficiency of nowadays diesel engines seem to be achievable. Produced from renewable energy sources hydrogen offers a chance for CO2 reduction (>90%) well to wheel. (Task 2.2)
Connected to Objective 3 (achieve an internal combustion engine performance which reaches a 50% target in terms of peak thermal efficiency) the following measures were investigated by simulation:
• Combustion system design, increase peak cylinder pressure (PCP), new piston bowl shape, optimized fuel injections, supported by 1D and 3D CFD simulations (WP2, WP3, WP4, WP5). For WP3 engine efficiency of 48.2 % (+3.2 %-points) are predicted.
• For the natural gas engine an increase of engine efficiency 4.3 %-points is predicted by simulation by utilizing High pressure EGR, improved turbo matching, Atkinson cycle, turbo compound, waste heat recovery and friction reduction (WP4).
To reach the targets set in Objective 4 (Aftertreatment systems integrated into hybrid powertrains with advanced engines) the partners in WP2 first defined the boundary conditions, baselines and targets and the fuel specifications for all the studied applications. Then, various EAS configurations have been proposed and ranked, and the specification and layout are in progress. In addition, an agreement with each OEM individually and in alignment with JRC on testing procedures was achieved that will be used in the Validation Testing Campaign.
For Objective 5 (achieve a multiscale backward/forward simulation framework to support the design and development of efficient powertrains, including hybrids) an agreement was found on the modelling requirements and guidelines, naming convention for the agreed interfaces and definition of technical set-up of the simulation platform (also considering the implementation of connected strategies found). In addition, discussions on how to integrate the Well to Tank analysis as well as the re-use of some VECTO building blocks including the CO2 calculation were finalized (WP1).
For Objective 6 (demonstrate the optimal combination of technologies by validation on engine test rigs/ test track/on road with the realisation of demonstrator engine, drivelines and vehicles with the key innovations implemented) deliverable 2.2 was prepared and submitted containing the final validation plan of all investigated measures.
