Projektbeschreibung
Die chromosomale Rekombination während der Meiose aus der molekularen Perspektive
Die Bildung von DNA-Doppelstrangbrüchen während der meiotischen Teilung ermöglicht die Rekombination und die Fruchtbarkeit. Meiotische Doppelstrangbrüche stellen im Hinblick auf die genomische Integrität jedoch eine bedeutende Herausforderung dar. Das EU-finanzierte Projekt DSBSunrise wird der Hypothese nachgehen, dass dieser Prozess präzise kontrolliert ist, um durch homologe Rekombination eine effiziente Reparatur von DNA-Doppelstrangbrüchen zu gewährleisten. Die Forschenden werden topologische Erkenntnisse über den Prozess hervorbringen und die Stellen, an denen Doppelstrangbrüche auftreten, identifizieren. Ferner werden sie untersuchen, wie Doppelstrangbruchstellen mit strukturellen Komponenten des Reparaturmechanismus interagieren, und damit grundlegende Kenntnisse über den komplexen Prozess der meiotischen Chromosomenrekombination liefern.
Ziel
At the onset of prophase of the first meiotic division, meiotic cells undergo complex molecular events with the induction of several hundred DNA double-strand breaks. These DNA breaks are required because they initiate recombination between homologous chromosomes and to allow chromosome segregation during meiosis. They are essential for fertility. However, they represent a major challenge for genome integrity.
It is thought that meiotic DNA break formation is under tight control to ensure that all breaks are properly repaired to maintain genome integrity. But how this control implemented is unknown.
We postulate that three critical steps take place to ensure meiotic DNA break formation at the right time, right place, and right frequency. We will test this hypothesis by addressing in mice the three following questions:
Q1: We will ask whether a homology-sensing process brings homologous chromosomes in spatial proximity before DNA break formation to improve DSB repair efficiency and avoid topological conflicts. If this is the case, we will determine the molecular mechanism.
Q2: We will determine whether the genomic sites undergoing DNA breakage interact with structural components of chromosome axes before break formation, and how. This interaction is predicted to be necessary for proper DSB repair.
Q3: We will determine how DNA cleavage is activated. We will do this through in vitro reconstitution of meiotic DSB formation.
Answering these key questions will be possible by using in vivo and in vitro approaches. We will pioneer in vitro meiotic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to overcome the current limitations for identifying novel components and interactions.
We will thus decipher how a molecular machinery that has evolved from a DNA type II topoisomerase family has been selected and modified to promote a complex reaction initiated by DNA cleavage at multiple sites along chromosomes followed by their repair by homologous recombination.
Wissenschaftliches Gebiet
Programm/Programme
Thema/Themen
Finanzierungsplan
ERC-ADG - Advanced GrantGastgebende Einrichtung
75794 Paris
Frankreich