Between migration and linguistics: Greeks in Western Europe and the emergence of contrastive grammar in the Renaissance (c.1390–1600)

Projektbeschreibung

Die Verbreitung von kontrastiver Grammatik im Mittelalter

Entgegen der heutigen Bedenken in Bezug auf die Problematik der Migration offenbart der Blick auf die Geschichte, wie sich durch Migration neue Möglichkeiten auftun und positive Entwicklungen entfalten können. Der Migrationsstrom aus dem griechisch-byzantinischen Reich im Spätmittelalter und insbesondere nach dem Untergang von Konstantinopel in Europa stellte eine erste große Talentabwanderung aus dem Osten in den Westen dar. Die Menschen in Westeuropa begegneten nun einer neuen Kultur und einer Sprache mit einer weit zurückreichenden kulturellen und grammatikalischen Tradition. Das EU-finanzierte Projekt MigraLing untersucht den Einfluss von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf die Transformation der Grammatik von einem einsprachigen, lateinzentrierten Fachwissen hin zu einer mehrsprachigen Disziplin. Zugleich wird es dabei berücksichtigen, wie das Lehren der griechischen Sprache schließlich eine kontrastive Herangehensweise an das Sprachstudium hervorbrachte.

Ziel

Migration and its societal impact have never been higher on the agenda than in our globalized world, which is why it features prominently in the Horizon 2020 Work Programme 13. It is a challenge that not only poses problems, but also offers opportunities in various ways. The possibility of a positive impact of migration often tends to be neglected in present-day debates. History, however, demonstrates that optimistic expectations should not necessarily remain unattainable. The crumbling apart of the Byzantine Greek empire in the late Middle Ages, for instance, engendered a steady influx of Greek migrants into Western Europe during the Renaissance. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 further stimulated this population movement, triggering a first major brain drain from the Greek world. This confronted Western Europeans not only with another culture, but also with another language boasting a rich cultural and grammatical tradition, the full impact of which remains to be investigated. The proposed action aims to counter this state of affairs by studying an important linguistic dimension of this vast research lacuna: the way in which the Greek migrants contributed to transforming grammar from a monolingual, Latinocentric knowledge domain to a multilingual and flexible discipline. Indeed, their intensive teaching of the Greek language and its grammar was a key turning point in the history of linguistic thought, since it gave rise to a contrastive approach to language studies and education. It is this revolutionary development which the action intends to analyse by investigating Renaissance linguistic handbooks. In particular, it aims to study (A) how and why contrastive grammar emerged in the wake of Greek migration movements during the Renaissance, (B) how this related to the Greek migrants' teaching of Western European students, both male and female, and (C) what the impact of this new genre of language study was on later linguistic thought and praxis.