BUW successfully fabricated lead-free perovskite materials with band gaps aiming for tandem applications and achieved power conversion efficiencies of 5 %. In parallel an ultra-thin ALD grown InOx interconnecting layer for tandem solar cells was realized, which sets a new world record (published: Nature volume 604, pp. 280-286 (2022)). The developed organic non-fullerene acceptor solar cells meet the stability target of 1000 h, and generate a power of 26 µW under 400 lux illumination fulfilling the project specifications of 6 µW/cm2.
AMO successfully developed a low-temperature, semi-dry transfer process for 2D materials that is fully compatible with humidity- and temperature-sensitive materials both all-inorganic and hybrid organic–inorganic variants. This technique enables the reliable integration of various 2D materials, including graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and molybdenum disulfide, onto perovskites with different dimensionalities (3D, 2D, and 0D).
MCL successfully realized lead-free perovskite TFCs based on BaZrxTi1-xO3 (BZT, x = Zr-content) films, which were fabricated by a Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) process on Pt/Si substrates. The BZT films have been systematically optimized by variation of the Zr-content, where all produced thin films were fully characterized regarding their electrical properties. We found that the best-performing composition is BZT15 with a high recoverable energy density of 32.4 Jcm-3. This value, despite being lower than the targeted 50 Jcm-3, is a highly remarkable result.
UNOVA successfully developed miniaturized oxide thin-film transistors (TFT) EMCs based on oxide TFTs. Devices with channel length of 0.6 µm have been realized which meet the required operational frequency of 300 MHz. The final EMC with dimensions of 2.13 x 2.18 mm² can deliver three fixed output voltages, 1.2 V, 1.8 V, and 3.3 V, independent of the input voltage (VIN) from the solar cell. The achieved power dissipation was 6.40 mW for a VIN of 6 V, which is a decrease of 88% as compared to the first version.
UB fully integrated the FOXES demonstrator achieving the main objective of the project: the development of a gas sensor integrated in a sensor node consuming less than 50 µW to control light excitation, acquire sensor data, and transmit it wirelessly. The final demonstrator was deployed in three different real-world urban locations in Barcelona: The faculty’s patio, a window-lit outdoor environment, and a rooftop exposed to full sunlight. In all cases, the system demonstrated fully autonomous operation, adapting acquisition and transmission rates to the available energy. Integrated into the IoT Bundle, the system operated autonomously for over 6 hours under 400 lux illumination using solar energy stored in a supercapacitor, with an average consumption of approximately 12 µW. The FOXES the project has successfully met all its technical goals and delivered a validated, energy-autonomous sensor node based on flexible and low-power technologies.
