Cel
A.GENERAL BACKGROUND
A1:Why a COST action for this topic
The aim of this Action is to develop novel functional molecular and supramolecular systems, to understand the driving forces that allow their formation and two and three-dimensional organisation, to develop methods and tools to investigate, address, manipulate and change these systems and finally to exploit their specific material properties.
The keywords for this action are synthesis and evaluation of physical properties of molecularly resolved supramolecular systems, self-organisation, dimensionality, chirality and reactivity of two- and three-dimensional systems.
To achieve this goal, the Action should include organic, inorganic, physical and polymer science each with their specific aims and objectives but strongly interacting in methodology, approach and final goal, namely the design of functional molecular materials and the evaluation of their inherent novel two and three dimensional properties. It will be a bridge between Actions planned or in operation on nanomaterials and nanochemistry at surfaces and interfaces and functional polymers. Although some of the aims are parallel, it should be clear that the different planned or running Actions address different communities and that this Action provides the possibility of a bridge between Actions based on chemistry and physics as well as between more fundamental and more applied Actions. To enhance this "catalytic" role it is suggested that in part joint appointments to the management committee should be considered to optimise the information exchange between the different Actions with complementary interest. Also at the level of the Technical Committee for Chemistry, through its "ad hoc" group, such a coordination would be most welcome.
This Action is an important contribution towards the development of novel compounds and novel methodologies in material-related science as it is a meeting area between chemists and physicist. The expertise of several European groups (chemistry, physics, surface science, electrochemistry and biochemistry) can be utilised ideally in such a multidisciplinary project on construction and exploration of novel functional molecular materials. None of the groups alone could pursue such a research endeavour by itself.
Each of these research domains of chemistry has strong synthetic, physicochemical and theoretical components. Methodology existing or being developed at present will be available to provide a set of techniques that will allow studying systems at the limit of space and time resolution. Thus, spectroscopy of single particles, polymers and supramolecular entities is envisioned based on scanning probe methods of analysis coupled with (photo)-chemical transformation, photophysical investigations and photo-induced electrochemical modifications. Laser trapping to handle small structured systems is being developed and used in connection with the above time and space resolved spectroscopy. Synthetic approaches towards unique self-assembling systems have been and are being developed as well in the organic, the metallo-organic, inorganic and macromolecular laboratories.
Combination of organised molecular systems, either the self-assembled or those organised through film formation by spin casting, vacuum deposition, epitaxial growth, wetting and dewetting or Langmuir Blodgett deposition with photochemistry, has opened new possibilities for the use of organic materials in electronics and photonics. It is furthermore expected that such organised materials will have novel and previously unobserved electronic and excited state properties. This might lead to novel sophisticated application in energy conversion and information transfer or storage.
The combination of knowledge resources in the abovementioned domains with the new methodologies and the structural and theoretical expertise would provide a unique working environment for this new Action. This Action covers and bridges the domain between the synthetic efforts in supramolecular chemistry and the application towards devices. It furthermore complements efforts in Nanochemistry at Surfaces and Interfaces.
Based on acquired know-how, the Action is designed to develop further the different aspects of this emerging research domain and to link organic, polymer and inorganic supramolecular research. Emphasis is put on the development of methods to address and manipulate functional molecular materials and on the development of novel organic, inorganic and hybrid structures, some of which will be based on ordering of polymer matrices. An understanding of the theoretical aspects and the full characterisation of the ground and excited state, opto-electronic, magnetic and electric linear and non-linear properties of these systems are essential in their further development.
Since it will be essential in the further development of large organised organic or organic-inorganic hybrid structures based on associative interactions to employ oligo- and polymeric compounds, a strong polymer synthesis and characterisation base should be included in the program. It is also essential to find alternative routes to functional systems with sensing capacity and enhanced mechanical stability. Therefore methods for optimisation of structuring and transferability of such two and three dimensional structures on supports should be developed.
The Action is therefore aimed at both organic, inorganic and polymer-oriented researchers and physical and material scientists.
It will therefore be a bridge and should and will concert with COST Action D11 on "Supramolecular Chemistry" and future COST Action D15 on "Interfacial Chemistry and Catalysis". Preliminary contacts with these Actions have already been established.
A major breakthrough in science in recent years is the ability to "see" molecular systems using scanning probe microscopy. The feasibility of imaging with STM and Atomic Force Microscopy with molecular resolution and eventually at the liquid solid interface has been shown, and both approaches were recently renewed. The possibility optically to detect, albeit with less spatial resolution, has been demonstrated and even pushed to the limit of single molecule detection. Near field and confocal fluorescence microscopies have been used in the study of organised molecule-based structures at surfaces.
Nanomachining, manipulation and fabrication by force microscopy as well as the use of STM to investigate surface reactions is reported for inorganic crystals and semi-conductor surfaces. This Action wants to unite efforts to synthesise, organise, analyse, manipulate and transform, methodologies existing for inorganic structures, to organic, metallo-organic, hybrid organic-inorganic systems as well as macromolecular based structures.
The feasibility of this idea at the molecular level, shown recently by the expression of a photochemical transformation imaged by STM, has been demonstrated combining the high spatial resolution with a structural change. Knowledge of these properties will allow linking nano, mesoscopic and bulk characteristics of the investigated functional molecular materials.
A2:Status of Other Research in the Field
This Action would link the more synthetic oriented efforts considered in the COST D11 "Supramolecular Chemistry" and the more physics oriented "Interactive nanoscience" proposed Action. It would furthermore create an environment in which interactively emerging programs in the different European countries could be mutually beneficial and enhances their future competitive strength towards already supported American and Japanese programs.
A3:Relationship with other European Programmes
There is no particular specific European programme devoted at present to chemistry of functional molecular materials exclusively, except to the extent that COST Action D4 on "Design and preparation of new molecular systems with unconventional electrical, optical and magnetic properties" is complementary to, and has initiated, this new Action. (COST Action D4 ended in September 1998; it was covered with 18 working groups involving 81 research groups in Europe). In fact the proposed new Action is partly a follow-up to the D4 Action but with more focus on synthesising building functional groups in organic, organometallic and polymers to evaluate their physical properties (optical, opto-electronic, magnetic, conductive linear and non linear). Also COST Action D5 on "Chemistry on Surfaces and Interfaces" (which ended in September 1998 and was covered with 25 working groups and 117 research groups in Europe), and the proposed Action on "Interfacial Chemistry and Catalysis" are complementary to the proposed new Action.
COST Action 523 "Nanostructured Materials", decided in September 1997, started in May 1998 with the instalment of its Management Committee. The approach is particularly focused on physical aspects of materials. Five predetermined working groups are to concentrate efforts on various types of physical properties and, after a joint seminar, 3 working groups are to be orientated towards structural, functional and application aspects.
COST Action P5 "Mesocopic Electronics" is awaiting a decision and could start during the course of 1998. The goals are organised according to 3 predetermined working groups: (1) magnetic and superconducting nanoparticles; (2) electrical transport in carbon nanotubes; (3) spin injection across ferromagnetic/metal and ferromagnetic/semiconductor interfaces. This approach is mainly focused on the physics basis for electronics.
COST Action D9 "Advanced Computational chemistry of increasingly complex systems", which started in October 1997, will permit some theoretical methods which could be useful for molecular systems. (At present 4 working groups involving 28 research teams.)
Interactions with these related Actions will take place via the COST Chemistry Technical Committee "ad hoc group on nanochemistry" and in the near future with the planned "COST horizontal committee on nanoscience". Possibilities to stimulate planned joint workshops, seminars and other scientific events, in order to develop complementary activities with other scientific groups in other COST Actions are advisable.
Contacts have already been established with several EU activities such as the networks, the Euroconferences and the scholarship scheme in the TMR programme.
B.OBJECTIVES OF THE ACTION AND SCIENTIFIC CONTENT
B1:Main objective
The main objective of the proposed COST Action is to bring chemists together in an interdisciplinary cooperation with physicists who have an interest in synthesising, developing and evaluating novel molecularly based systems that order in two or three dimensions and as a result of this order exhibit novel properties. It is a future oriented basic Action with emphasis on fundamental research but with a possible long-term applicability and industrial interest. The importance and possible impact on society of the "smart materials" that are being targeted in this Action are emerging as the opportunities opened up by different new fundamental concepts being developed become more clear.
B2:Sub-Topics
1.Synthesis
Synthesising of building blocks and understanding the driving forces at the building block level that control two and three-dimensional organisation. In particular, forces that control the organisation of oligo- and polymer-based systems, since the building of easily accessible but sufficiently large organic nano-systems that could also be polymer-based, should be considered. Implement and evaluate these through creative synthesis coupled to physico chemical and physical characterisations.
2.Development of methodology
Transfer and develop methodology to address and manipulate and hence order already in sold state inorganic (semi-conductor field) existing or emerging methodologies to organic and hybrid molecularly supramolecular systems.
3.Evaluation of physical properties
Evaluate at the sub-micron scale to bulk scale the physical properties of the systems obtained through the abovementioned and already available methods.
4.Modification of properties
Elucidate how physical characteristics such as optical, opto-electronic, magnetic or conductive linear and non linear properties at the sub-micron level relate to the bulk properties and can be modified through appropriate synthetic efforts.
Examples of specific topics that could be addressed in the Action
£Synthesis and development of new photoactive molecular species and materials using charge transfer optical excitation.
Design, synthesis and investigation of photoactive organometallic and polynuclear clusters combining strong electron transfer groups. Molecular switches.
£Synthesis and Study of Photorefractive Organic materials.
Functional molecular or polymeric systems having non-linear optical properties combined with photoconducting functionality and poling capacity.
£Synthesis and Evaluation of High Mobility Organic Conductors and Photoconductors.
Conjugated one and two-dimensional systems with suitable two and/or three dimensional ordering properties. This should allow transport perpendicular to the organised structure. Discotic aromatic molecular systems ordering in stacks in solution or at interfaces leading to high p overlap and hence conductivity.
£Synthesis and Evaluation of Holographic Molecular based materials.
Molecular and polymer side chain based systems with functionality that can be oriented using extern stimuli and allowing high values of change in refractive index.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic nanoparticles with photoelectric and photovoltaic applications.
Mixed associative or covalently linked systems with appropriate functionalities allowing light-induced transformations at surfaces and interfaces.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Advanced Carbon Materials with polyyne and fullerenes moieties.
Design and synthesis study of the physical properties of novel carbon materials with unusual structures containing sp and sp2 links. Self-assembling all carbon networks.
C.SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME
The scientific programme will depend on the projects submitted by individual research teams. The working group projects will be selected according to the objectives outlined above. At this stage there is no specific scientific programme suggested for this action in order to place no limitations on the invited proposals. The selection will strictly occur according to the outlined objectives.
D.ORGANISATION AND TIMETABLE
D1:Organisation
Research projects fitting in the sub-topics described in Section C will be submitted by scientists to the Management Committee members. This Committee will establish contacts between scientists.
The Management Committee is responsible for:
1.Drawing up the inventory during the first year, organisation of workshops and start of the activity; existing contacts will be used which should greatly facilitate this task.
2.The coordination of the joint activities with other COST Actions; joint meetings are likely to result from this activity.
3.Exploration of wider participation and exchange of information with EC-specific programmes, ESF, etc.
4.The planning of the intermediate report, the final report and the concluding symposium.
Progress in each of the projects will also be reported by the respective participants in their own countries within the framework of existing programmes.
D2:Reports
The progress of the programme will be monitored by brief annual reports from each of the participating scientists which will describe the results of research obtained through concertation. A milestone report will be prepared by the Management Committee after two years of joint activities. The report will be presented to the COST Technical Committee for Chemistry for their review.
A final report will be published to inform non-participating scientists and research workers interested in the results about the scientific achievements of the Action. It is expected that some reviews by participants which describe the progress made and state of the field will be published in International Journals. To conclude the COST Action, a symposium will be held after five years which will be accessible to other scientists.
D3:Timetable
The Action will last five years and comprise the following four stages:
Stage 1:After the first meeting of the Management Committee, a detailed inventory of ongoing research and existing plans of the participating groups to begin joint projects will be made. This will result in a discussion document which will allow further planning to occur.
Stage 2:It will be evident which projects are closely related and would benefit from joint activities. Researchers (and co-workers) will set up (and continue) joint collaborative projects and exchange their recent research results. It may be appropriate to explore wider collaboration with other European countries during this stage.
Stage 3:An intermediate progress report will be prepared after two years for review by the COST Technical Committee for Chemistry and by the COST Senior Officials Committee.
Stage 4:This final phase will begin after four years and will involve the evaluation of the results obtained. It may include the organisation of a symposium for all the participants and co-workers.
E.ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS
The economic dimension of the Action (initial estimate of total costs = personnel + operational + running + commission costs) is: ECU 120 million.
The human effort in the area of "Functional Molecular Materials", as described in this document, amounts to 1 000 man-years (200 researchers during five years), being equivalent to ECU 100 million approximately.
E1:Personnel costs
Estimates of personnel costs (research + administration) will depend on the rates applicable for various EU countries (one man-year = ECU 100 k).
Estimates of personnel costs (research + administration) are as follows:
Sub-topic 1:in about 20 countries a total of 250 man-years, totalling ECU 25 million
Sub-topic 2:in about 20 countries a total of 300 man-years, totalling ECU 30 million
Sub-topic 3:in about 20 countries a total of 250 man-years, totalling ECU 25 million
Sub-topic 4:in about 20 countries a total of 200 man-years, totalling ECU 20 million
E2:Operational and running costs
The estimate of the total operational and running costs including costs of instruments and materials is ECU 20 million.
E3:Coordination costs
The costs of coordination to be covered by the COST budget are estimated to be ECU 120 k per year, i.e. a total of ECU 600 k for the five year duration of the project (i.e. 0,5% of the total cost of the research coordinated).
F.DISSEMINATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
All publications arising from research carried out under COST Action D14 will credit COST support, and the Management Committee will encourage and promote all co-authorised papers. Results of research carried out by the working groups under COST Action D14 will be submitted to international scientific journals and reviews.
Joint meetings among different working groups in COST Action D14 and with working groups from other COST Actions, particularly with those of COST Action D15, will be organised in such a way as to best promote interdisciplinary communication.
The Management Committee (MC), in conjunction with the working groups (WG) of the Action, will meet every year with the main aim of presenting results to the MC as a whole and, where possible, the MC will invite potential users and interested parties to this meeting.
The Management Committee will, during the first year of the Action, also set up a workplan for interdisciplinary events for the dissemination of results of COST Action D14.
Dziedzina nauki (EuroSciVoc)
Klasyfikacja projektów w serwisie CORDIS opiera się na wielojęzycznej taksonomii EuroSciVoc, obejmującej wszystkie dziedziny nauki, w oparciu o półautomatyczny proces bazujący na technikach przetwarzania języka naturalnego. Więcej informacji: Europejski Słownik Naukowy.
Klasyfikacja projektów w serwisie CORDIS opiera się na wielojęzycznej taksonomii EuroSciVoc, obejmującej wszystkie dziedziny nauki, w oparciu o półautomatyczny proces bazujący na technikach przetwarzania języka naturalnego. Więcej informacji: Europejski Słownik Naukowy.
Projekt nie został jeszcze sklasyfikowany według klasyfikacji EuroSciVoc.
Wskaż dziedziny nauki, które twoim zdaniem są najbardziej istotne z punktu widzenia tego projektu i pomóż nam usprawnić naszą usługę klasyfikacji.
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Program(-y)
Wieloletnie programy finansowania, które określają priorytety Unii Europejskiej w obszarach badań naukowych i innowacji.
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Zaproszenia do składania wniosków dzielą się na tematy. Każdy temat określa wybrany obszar lub wybrane zagadnienie, których powinny dotyczyć wnioski składane przez wnioskodawców. Opis tematu obejmuje jego szczegółowy zakres i oczekiwane oddziaływanie finansowanego projektu.
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Program finansowania (lub „rodzaj działania”) realizowany w ramach programu o wspólnych cechach. Określa zakres finansowania, stawkę zwrotu kosztów, szczegółowe kryteria oceny kwalifikowalności kosztów w celu ich finansowania oraz stosowanie uproszczonych form rozliczania kosztów, takich jak rozliczanie ryczałtowe.
Program finansowania (lub „rodzaj działania”) realizowany w ramach programu o wspólnych cechach. Określa zakres finansowania, stawkę zwrotu kosztów, szczegółowe kryteria oceny kwalifikowalności kosztów w celu ich finansowania oraz stosowanie uproszczonych form rozliczania kosztów, takich jak rozliczanie ryczałtowe.
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Koordynator
Belgia
Ogół kosztów poniesionych przez organizację w związku z uczestnictwem w projekcie. Obejmuje koszty bezpośrednie i pośrednie. Kwota stanowi część całkowitego budżetu projektu.