Exploitable results
Four pilot projects have been carried out, two in The Netherlands (at Hoogovens Steel Strip mill Products and DSM) and two in Greece (both in ELAIS). Three pilots concerned the safety in existing installations (in various stages of the plant life cycle), and one concerned the design of a new installation. In all cases, several relevant options for inherently safer technologies were identified. In the three existing plants, organisational and human options that are vital for the willingness, and capacity of organisations to identify and implement these technical options were also identified and wherever possible created. It turned out the external consultant/researcher has an important role to play as change agent, both to support the process of reorientation form traditional safety to inherent safety and to provide, or organise, relevant expert support.
The economic feasibility of all options was assessed. Most options were economically very attractive and had pay-back times of less than two years. As a result the companies and the researchers developed action plans for the implementation of the options.
Due to time limitations we were only able to evaluate the impact after implementation of the action plan in one case study (Hoogovens Steel Strip mill Products). The success can be demonstrated in this case by the frequency of environmental incidents: this was lowered by more than 90% within one year. By using the methodology companies with severe technological hazards can successfully integrate the concept of inherent safety into their SHE management system. In this way it becomes attractive to make the search for, and use of, inherently safer options part of their normal activities.
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