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Results were obtained on the following key specific issues:
-. Gathering of data of field observation in the Baltic Sea from FSU research institutes.
The existing data base on the saltwater intrusion to the Baltic Sea in 1993, and additional similar data for periods before and after this event, containing the U-tow CTD measurements for four cruises in the Baltic Sea are presented and accompanied with the album of high resolved 2D distributions of temperature, salinity and density, and TS-diagrams for all the transects, and vertical distributions of water properties for key important points.
-. Study and description of important intrusions in the Baltic Sea and key physical processes related with intrusions.
Field observations of the Saltwater Intrusion '93 propagation through the Slupsk Furrow and Gotland Deep are described. Important physical key processes, revealed from the field observations as supporting the saltwater intrusions propagation in typical basins and marginal zones, are described and explained. These are: (i) internal waves, in particular, internal waves overturns amplifies also the water mixing near the slopes of deeps in depths of the permanent halocline's upper boundary; (ii) a crossaxial circulation in the near-bottom layer of the Slupsk Furrow, which is responsible for the deflection of the saltwater eastward flow from the deepest axial line onto the northern slope; (iii) a cyclonic rotation of intruded water volume, which is proved to transfer the salt and oxygen in the halocline through the deeps; this feature can generate intrusive layering with numerous temperature inversions in the permanent halocline.
-. Analytical models of typical transport and mixing processes in the Baltic Sea under idealized conditions.
Analytical model of the intrusion flow dynamics was proposed, it includes the description of the self-similar regime of the mesoscale front dynamics on the horizontal seabed; simple mechanical model for the gravity current motion on the inclined seabed of not small slope; analysis of variations of the thickness and location of the intrusion body in the internal wave field. Theoretical model of the internal wave propagation was adopted for the conditions of the Stolpe Channel and the Gotland Deep in the Baltic Sea. Two-dimensional model of the redistribution of the impurity concentration in the long wave field was proposed, a set of analytical solutions for the idealized conditions were obtained.
-. The 3D hydrodynamic and transport computer modelling.
3D numerical hydrodynamic model with parameterization of convection has been used to study the mechanisms which control the salt water Baltic Sea inflows. A simple model of the oxygen evolution has been developed and implemented to study some large scale ecological processes and time scale problems. Several numerical experiments to model the salt water intrusions into the Baltic Sea have been carried out and shown that the model is able to simulate some of the major features of the Baltic salt water inflows rather plausibly. They also show that the modelled inflows are very sensitive to the sea level variations at the open boundary.
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