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Research showed a clear correlation between head loading conditions like translational head and rotational motion on one hand and brain response parameters like intra-cranial pressure and shear response of the brain on the other. The existing criterion HIC has its limitations due to its insensitivity to head impact direction and rotational head loading and showed low correlation to medical data. No direct link links between brain response parameters and diagnosed intra-cranial injuries could be made, still the methodology followed showed to have potential for identification of injury mechanisms in the future.
Although the GM face instrumentation was found inappropriate to assess facial injury, the face itself showed good biofidelity for the PMHS rigid bar impacts at fracture levels and padded disc test at sub-fracture levels. The Volvo face tended to exhibit a response closer to that of a non-fractured face. Tests showed, however, that the load cells in the latter face were significantly under reading the applied loads. The performance of the current design of the THOR face was found unacceptable due to low repeatability and locational sensitivity of the force measurement. Even so the THOR face was able to distinguish between the performance of different steering wheels in a consistent manner.
The accident analysis study to legs showed the most important injuries are pilon fractures, fractures of the calcaneus and fractures to the neck of the talus. The pendulum tests showed that the tibia peak force for heel impacts is higher than for toe impacts at the same speed and that the application of an Achilles tension increases the tibia force significantly. Comparison of the dummy leg response with the biomechanical responses showed that the GM/FTSS foot and ankle responses were more biofidelic than the Hybrid-III foot/ankle response. If further improved, the two foot/ankle models developed can be used for injury mechanism detection.
Tests showed that the THOR dummy could be used as a frontal research dummy. However, further testing and changes to the THOR design are necessary for the dummy to become a legislative test tool. For the neck, new performance requirements were defined and comparison of the dummy responses with the requirements showed that the THOR neck is more biofidelic than the Hybrid-III neck in frontal impact. Compared to existing requirements, the THOR thorax biofidelity was not found to be better than the Hybrid-III thorax biofidelity. Some areas for durability and handling improvement have been identified.
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