Cel
The objectives of the ADEPT Consortium are to use the results of the DRIVE I programme in order to take further the concept of using an intelligent transponder and smart-card for a multitude of automatic debiting (ADS), electronic payment and other complementary RTI applications.
Furthermore the core-technology will be developed to meet the requirements of different applications and also the needs of the operators and individual pilot projects will be incorporated in the systems modular design.
Finally, the equipment will be installed in a number European cites pilot experiments for evaluations and cross-comparison purposes.
The result of the DRIVE I programme have been used in order to take further the concept of using an intelligent transponder and smart card for a multitude of automatic debiting (ADS), electronic payment and other complementary road/rail transport informatics (RTI) applications.
The development of a generic specification for the 'core' architecture of the automatic debiting and electronic payment for transport (ADEPT) system has been on going. The base architecture used was that of the PAMELA system, however a number of modifications and additions to the PAMELA system were required in order to meet the demanding (and varied) requirements of the different applications envisaged for the ADEPT system. A requirements analysis was undertaken in order to determine the functional requirements of each of the test sites. Once this process was completed the functions identified by the sites were 'mapped' into the core architecture. Of particular interest to the area of demand management were the specification of the requirements for a full multilane debiting system with enforcement), car parking prebooking and guidance and the congestion meter requirements. Each of these functions is to be tested and evaluated in one or more of the ADEPT test sites.
Key elements of the ADEPT specification which are now complete are:
open systems interconnection (OSI) layers 1 and 2 (physical and protocol);
most application functional descriptions;
transaction specifications (prepayment and postpayment with or without a smart card).
Technical Approach
The ADEPT Consortium is built around a core group of 7 partners drawn from two successful projects in DRIVE I (namely, PAMELA and SMART) with one or two specialist companies added.
This core, with its powerful and wide-ranging expertise, will provide the main technological input to four separate but coordinated field-trials. Each site will have its own group of partners (totalling 9 in all) responsible for the management and implementation of field-trials locally but able to call upon the technical backup of core-group.
Although the basic 'core' technology for all the field-trials will be the same (the 5.8 GHz PAMELA microwave system integrated with the latest smart-card technology), the range of applications will be different in each case. Thus, for example, parking management, debiting and booking will be developed in Lisbon, non-stop tolling, multi-lane road-pricing and other transponder-based applications in Trondheim and West Sweden and mono-lane and multi-lane tolling and enforcement in Thessaloniki. Also, a prototype 'add-on' module for congestion metering and pricing will be developed and demonstrated, probably in the City of Cambridge. This will enable the ADEPT Consortium as a whole to develop application-specific systems yet, at the same time, pursue the possibilities for integrating them all into a single system-architecture.
The benefits of this for users are self-evident but the spin-off benefits, in terms of information and demand-monitoring, security and protection against fraud will be of great value too.
The groundwork for this R and D has been done within DRIVE 1, with the emergence of microwave as the best medium of communication and the successful testing of components and prototype devices; the need now is to concentrate on system development and integration within an agreed set of European standards, in cooperation with other relevant ADS projects and CASH. The core technology serving a whole series of related field-trials is a cost-effective way of achieving this. Thus, although the proposal is centred on automatic debiting, it has wide implications for RTI generally. The modular design of the in-vehicle unit and the high-capacity secure communications link to and from the roadside opens the way to all kinds of information service for drivers, on the one hand, and much more effective forms of traffic control, on the other.
Key Issues
demonstration of a multi-purpose short-range two-way communications link between the roadside and vehicle for automatic debiting and other RTI applications;
real-time parking guidance, booking and debiting;
multi-lane tolling communications and the associated enforcement technologies;
short range in-vehicle information services;
congestion metering and pricing;
definition of common communications architecture and protocol;
definition of a single smart-card for ADS and other electronic payments;
the development of a central system architecture which links integrated RTI services and
multi-site validation.
Expected Achievements
There has been a great deal of commercial interest in the 'ADEPT concept, thus it is expected that the ADEPT system (and variants thereof) will be installed in many prestigious automatic debiting projects in the near future. The modular nature of the system has already been demonstrated and this will be further proven in the five coordinated ADEPT field trials that are planned for mid 1993 onwards. This is of particular importance for the area of demand management, as the ADEPT system offers a common base on which to build different demand management applications and also the facility to evaluate these different approaches to demand management in coordinated field trails. A list of the major functions expectedto be demonstrated in the test sites are:
Goeteborg (S): full multi-lane automatic debiting (with full enforcement); and post payment transactions using a smart-card; territoriality principle demonstrator; provision of in-vehicle real-time information services; and multi application usage of a smart-card.
Thessaloniki (Gr): multi-lane toll-collection; mono-lane toll-collection; pre-paid smart-card; and provision of in-vehicle real-time information services.
Trondheim (N): integrated payment (and other applications to be defined).
Lisbon (P): in-vehicle pre-booking of parking spaces (Using the PARCMAN strategies); in-vehicle guidance to parking garages; automatic debiting of parking fee (fixed and time based); pre-paid smart-card; and integration with UTC data.
Cambridge (UK): demonstration of the principle of 'congestion metering'.
Expected Impact
The demonstration of many RTI applications using a single communications media and an open system architecture will offer both operators and users the opportunity to gauge the benefits of such a system concept.
The cross validation of the site experiments will provide a valuable source of results for the analysis of the benefits of such a systems approach as ADEPT.
As this will be one of the first implementation of such an integrated transponder architecture for ADS and other RTI applications, the results will also provide background information for the standardisation making process.
Contribution to Standards
Many partners in ADEPT are active in the standardisation making process (CEPT, CEN TC 278 WG's 1, 9, 11 and 12, CEN TC224 WG's 10 and 11). This will continue, and internal expert teams are being set up to provide assistance to DRIVE and direct to the various standardisation bodies. Among other related activities, partners within ADEPT also participate in the DRIVE Task Forces on 'Communications Interfaces' and 'Integrated Payment'.
Dziedzina nauki (EuroSciVoc)
Klasyfikacja projektów w serwisie CORDIS opiera się na wielojęzycznej taksonomii EuroSciVoc, obejmującej wszystkie dziedziny nauki, w oparciu o półautomatyczny proces bazujący na technikach przetwarzania języka naturalnego. Więcej informacji: Europejski Słownik Naukowy.
Klasyfikacja projektów w serwisie CORDIS opiera się na wielojęzycznej taksonomii EuroSciVoc, obejmującej wszystkie dziedziny nauki, w oparciu o półautomatyczny proces bazujący na technikach przetwarzania języka naturalnego. Więcej informacji: Europejski Słownik Naukowy.
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