Skip to main content
Vai all'homepage della Commissione europea (si apre in una nuova finestra)
italiano italiano
CORDIS - Risultati della ricerca dell’UE
CORDIS

Ferroelectric Vertical Low energy Low latency low volume Modules fOr Neural network Transformers In 3D

CORDIS fornisce collegamenti ai risultati finali pubblici e alle pubblicazioni dei progetti ORIZZONTE.

I link ai risultati e alle pubblicazioni dei progetti del 7° PQ, così come i link ad alcuni tipi di risultati specifici come dataset e software, sono recuperati dinamicamente da .OpenAIRE .

Risultati finali

Elementary VNWFET devices (JL and PC) - V1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Fabrication of elementary VNWFET devices (JL and PC) - First version

Elementary VNWFET devices (JL and PC) - V2 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Fabrication of elementary VNWFET devices (JL and PC) - improved version

Technology impact and exploitation innovation - Y3 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Technology impact and exploitation innovation - Third assessment

Thermal impedance and trap extraction - V1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

First report on the thermal impedance and trap extraction of VNWFETs devices fabricated in WP1

Plan for dissemination of the results - Y1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Annual plan for dissemination of the results

Workshops and summer school's report (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Report on workshops and summer school's

Plan for dissemination of the results - Y2 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Annual plan for dissemination of the results, year 2

Technology impact and exploitation innovation - Y1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Technology impact and exploitation innovation First assessment

Pre-trained speech ASR/MT model and use-cases - V2 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Second version of pre-trained speech ASR/MT model and use-cases

Open source release: parameterizable simulator with application examples - V1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

First open source release: parameterizable simulator with application examples

Plan for dissemination of the results - Y3 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Annual plan for dissemination of the results - year 3

Scaled-down N2C2 design (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Report on scaled-down N2C2 design

Library of optimized VNWFET-based logic cells (si apre in una nuova finestra)
Pre-trained speech ASR/MT model and use-cases - V1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

First version of pretrained speech ASRMT model and usecases

Architecture library, multi-objective trade-offs and calibrated thermal models - V1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

First version of architecture library, multi-objective trade-offs and calibrated thermal models

Technology impact and exploitation innovation - Y2 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Technology impact and exploitation innovation - Second assessment

Virtual scalable N2C2 design and Pareto-front data - V1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Report on virtual scalable N2C2 design and Paretofront data V1

Co-optimized hardware/NN architecture for ASR/MT - V1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

First report on the co-optimized hardware/NN architecture for ASR/MT

Versatile and scalable 3D architectural interconnect framework (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Report on the versatile and scalable 3D architectural interconnect framework

Project handbook (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Handbook summarizing decisionmaking process and planned meetings quality process for deliverables deliverable template progress reports template

Parasitic element extraction - V1 (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Report on parasitic element extraction

Project Website and social network account (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Project Website and social networks accounts for FVLLMONTI are visible online

Pubblicazioni

A 16-bit floating-point near-sram architecture for low-power sparse matrix-vector multiplication (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Eggermann, G., Rios, M., Ansaloni, G., Nassif, S. and Atienza, D.
Pubblicato in: In 2023 IFIP/IEEE 31st International Conference on Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC) In 2023 IFIP/IEEE 31st International Conference on Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC), 2023, ISBN 979-8-3503-2599-7
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/vlsi-soc57769.2023.10321838

Strategies for Characterization and Parameter Extraction of Vertical Junction-less Nanowire FETs dedicated to Design Technology Co-Optimization (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: C. Maneux, C. Mukherjee, M. Deng, G. Larrieu, Y. Wang, Houssem Rezgui and B. Neckel Wesling
Pubblicato in: 243rd ECS Meeting, Boston, US, May 28th -June 2nd, 2023, Numero mai-23, 2023
Editore: ECS
DOI: 10.1149/11101.0209ecst

The 3D Neural Network Compute Cube (N2C2) Concept enabling Efficient Hardware Transformer Architectures towards Speech-to-Speech Translation

Autori: I. O'Connor, S. Mannaa, A. Bosio, B. Deveautour, D. Deleruyelle, T. Obukhova, C. Marchand, J. Trommer, C. Cakirlar, B. Neckel Wesling, T. Mikolajick, O. Baumgartner, M. Thesberg, D. Pirker, C. Lenz, Z. Stanojevic, M. Karner, G. Larrieu, S. Pelloquin, K. Moustakas, J. Muller, G. Ansaloni, A. Amirshahi, D. Atienza, J-L. Rouas, L. Ben Letaifa, G. Bordea, C. Brazier, Y. Wang, C. Mukherjee, M. Deng, M.
Pubblicato in: In 27th Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE 24), Multi-partner projects (MPP) papers, 2024
Editore: CESI

Analysis of an Inverter Logic Cell based on 3D Vertical NanoWire Junction-Less Transistors

Autori: L. Réveil, C. Mukherjee, C. Maneux, M. Deng, F. Marc, A. Kumar, A. Lecestre, G. Larrieu, A. Poittevin, I. O'Connor, O. Baumgartner and D. Pirker
Pubblicato in: VLSI-SOC, Numero 2022, 2022
Editore: VLSI-SOC

Reconfigurable field effect transistors: A technology enablers perspective (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: T. Mikolajick, G. Galderisi, S. Rai, M. Simon, R. Böckle, M. Sistani, C. Cakirlar, N. Bhattacharjee, T. Mauersberger, A. Heinzig, A. Kumar, W.M. Weber, J. Trommer.
Pubblicato in: Solid-State Electronics, 2022
Editore: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2022.108381

Challenges in Electron Beam Lithography of Silicon Nanostructures (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: C Cakirlar, G Galderisi, C Beyer, M Simon, T Mikolajick, J Trommer
Pubblicato in: IEEE 22nd International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE NANO), 2022, ISBN 978-1-6654-5225-0
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/nano54668.2022.9928629

Electrothermal modeling of junctionless vertical Si nanowire transistors for 3D logic circuit design (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Y. Wang, C. Mukherjee. H. Rezgui, M. Deng, C. Maneux, S. Mannaa, I. O’Connor, J. Müller, S. Pelloquin, G. Larrieu
Pubblicato in: European Solid-State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC), Numero 2023, 2023
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/essderc59256.2023.10268560

Compact Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor (MFIS) Approaches Versus TCAD For the Modeling Of Ferroelectric Transistors (FeFETs): Percolation, Steep-Subthreshold and Depolarization (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Thesberg, M., Schanovsky, F., Stanojevic, Z., Baumgartner, O. and Karner, M.
Pubblicato in: International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD), Numero 2023, 2023, ISBN 978-4-86348-803-8
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/sispad57422.2023.10319645

Error Resilient In-Memory Computing Architecture for CNN Inference on the Edge (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Rios, M., Ponzina, F., Ansaloni, G., Levisse, A. and Atienza, D.
Pubblicato in: In Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022, Numero 2022, 2022, ISBN 9781450393225
Editore: Association for Computing Machinery
DOI: 10.1145/3526241.3530351

Using Algorithmic Transformations and Sensitivity Analysis to Unleash Approximations in CNNs at the Edge (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Ponzina, F., Ansaloni, G., Peón-Quirós, M. and Atienza, D.
Pubblicato in: Micromachines, 2023
Editore: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/mi13071143

Advanced contacts on 3D nanostructured channels for vertical transport gate-all-around transistors (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Guilhem Larrieu, Jonas Müller, Sylvain Pelloquin, Abhishek Kumar, Konstantinos Moustakas, Pawel Michalowski, Aurelie Lecestre
Pubblicato in: 21st International Workshop on Junction Technology (IWJT), Numero 23 juin, 2023, ISBN 978-4-86348-807-6
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/iwjt59028.2023.10175172

Layer-Wise Learning Framework for Efficient DNN Deployment in Biomedical Wearable Systems (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Baghersalimi, S., Amirshahi, A., Teijeiro, T., Aminifar, A. and Atienza, D.
Pubblicato in: 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN), 2023, ISBN 979-8-3503-3841-6
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10331334

Analysis of Energy-Delay-Product of a 3D Vertical Nanowire FET Technology

Autori: Ian O’Connor, Arnaud Poittevin, Sébastien Le Beux, Alberto Bosio, Zlatan Stanojevic, Oskar Baumgartner, C Mukherjee, C Maneux, J Trommer, T Mikolajick, G Larrieu
Pubblicato in: Joint International EUROSOI Workshop and International Conference on Ultimate Integration on Silicon (EuroSOI-ULIS), 2021, Pagina/e 1-4
Editore: NA

Variable Scale Pruning for Transformer Model Compression in End-to-End Speech Recognition (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: L. Ben Letaifa and J.-L. Rouas
Pubblicato in: Algorithms Vol 16 n°9, 2023
Editore: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/a16090398

INCLASS: incremental classification strategy for self-aware epileptic seizure detection

Autori: Ferretti, Lorenzo, Giovanni Ansaloni, Renaud Marquis, Tomas Teijeiro, Philippe Ryvlin, David Atienza, and Laura Pozzi
Pubblicato in: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2022, Pagina/e 1449-1454
Editore: IEEE

VNWFET-based technology: from device modelling to standard cell library (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: S. Mannaa, C. Marchand, D. Deleruyelle, B. Deveautour, I. O'Connor, A. Bosio
Pubblicato in: Int. Conf. Nanotechnology (NANO), 2023
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/nano58406.2023.10231288

Extraction of small signal equivalent circuit for de−embedding of 3D vertical nanowire transistor (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: B. Neckel Wesling, M. Deng, C. Mukherjee, A. Kumar, G. Larrieu, et al.
Pubblicato in: 8th Joint International EuroSOI Workshop and International Conference on Ultimate Integration on Silicon (EuroSOI−ULIS) 2022, May, Numero mai 22, 2022
Editore: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2022.108359

Full System Exploration of On-Chip Wireless Communication on Many-Core Architectures

Autori: Medina Morillas, Rafael, Joshua Alexander Harrison Klein, Yasir Mahmood Qureshi, Marina Zapater Sancho, Giovanni Ansaloni, and David Atienza Alonso
Pubblicato in: IEEE 13th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS), 2022
Editore: IEEE

Modelling of vertical and ferroelectric junctionless technology for efficient 3D neural network compute cube dedicated to embedded artificial intelligence

Autori: C. Maneux, C. Mukherjee, M. Deng, M. Dubourg, L. Reveil, G. Bordea, A. Lecestre, G. Larrieu, J. Trommer, E.T. Breyer, S. Slesazeck, T. Mikolajick, O. Baumgartner, M. Karner, D. Pirker, Z. Stanojevic, David Atienza, A. Levisse, G. Ansaloni, A. Poittevin, A. Bosio, D. Deleruyelle, C. Marchand, I. O'Connor
Pubblicato in: IEEE IEDM, 2021
Editore: IEEE

REMOTE: Re-thinking Task Mapping on Wireless 2.5D Systems-on-Package for Hotspot Removal (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Medina, R., Huang, D., Ansaloni, G., Zapater, M. and Atienza, D.
Pubblicato in: 2023 IFIP/IEEE 31st International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC), 2023, ISBN 979-8-3503-2599-7
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/vlsi-soc57769.2023.10321912

Transformer model compression for end-to-end speech recognition on mobile devices

Autori: Leila Ben Letaifa, Jean-Luc Rouas.
Pubblicato in: EUSIPCO 2022, 2022
Editore: EUSIPCO

Circuit Design Flow dedicated to 3D vertical nanowire FET

Autori: C. Maneux, C. Mukherjee, M. Deng, B. Neckel Wesling, L. Reveil, Z. Stanojevic, O. baumgartner, A. Poittevin, I. O'Connor, G. Larrieu
Pubblicato in: IEEE LAEDC, 2022
Editore: NA

A Logic Cell Design and routing Methodology Specific to VNWFET (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: A. Poittevin, I. O‘Connor, C. Marchand, A. Bosio, C. Maneux, C. Mukherjee, G. Larrieu, A. Kumar
Pubblicato in: 20th IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS), 2022
Editore: NA
DOI: 10.1109/newcas52662.2022.9842100

Demonstration of a p-type Junctionless Silicon Nanowire Transistor with Ferroelectric Hafnium-Zirkonium-Oxide Gate

Autori: T. Mauersberger, J. Trommer, G. Galderisi, M. Knaut, D. Pohl, A. Tahn, B. Rellinghaus, T. Mikolajick, A. Heinzig
Pubblicato in: EMRS Fall Meeting, Warsaw, 2023, Numero No proceedings, talk only, 2023
Editore: EMRS

Advancements in HZO Layer Engineering for Ultimate 3D Vertical Transistors : Towards a Logic-In-Memory Application

Autori: K. Moustakas, B. Neckel-Wesling, A. Lecestre, F. Mathieu, T. Mikolajick, J. Trommer, G. Larrieu, L. Cancellara, J.-D. Grillet
Pubblicato in: EMRS Fall Meeting, Warsaw, 2023, Numero 23-oct., 2023
Editore: EMRS

Energy-Efficient Computation-In-Memory Architecture Using Emerging Technologies (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: R. Bishnoi, S. Diware, A. Gebregiorgis, S. Thomann, S. Mannaa, B. Deveautour, C. Marchand, A. Bosio, D. Deleruyelle, I. O'Connor, H. Amrouch, S. Hamdioui
Pubblicato in: International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM), 2023
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/icm60448.2023.10378889

TiC-SAT: Tightly-coupled Systolic Accelerator for Transformers

Autori: Amirshahi A, Klein JA, Ansaloni G, Atienza D.
Pubblicato in: InProceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2023, 2023, ISBN 978-1-4503-9783-4
Editore: IEEE

System-Level Exploration of In-Package Wireless Communication for Multi-Chiplet Platforms

Autori: Medina R, Kein J, Ansaloni G, Zapater M, Abadal S, Alarcón E, Atienza D.
Pubblicato in: In Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2023 Jan 16, 2023, ISBN 978-1-4503-9783-4
Editore: IEEE

Understanding the substrate effect on de-embedding structures fabricated on SOI wafers using electromagnetic simulation

Autori: B. Neckel Wesling, M. Deng, C. Mukherjee, T. Mikolajick, J. Trommer and C. Maneux
Pubblicato in: IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures (ICMTS), April 2024, Edinburgh, Scotland, Numero Avr 24, 2024
Editore: IEEE

Thermal consideration in nanoscale gate-all-around vertical transistors (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Guilhem Larrieu, Houssem Rezgui, Abhishek Kumar, Jonas Müller, Sylvain Pelloquin, Yifan Wang, Marina Deng, Aurelie Lecestre, Cristell Maneux, Chhandak Mukherjee
Pubblicato in: 2023 Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW), Kyoto, Japan, Numero juin-23, 2023, ISBN 978-4-86348-808-3
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/snw57900.2023.10183951

A Study of the Variability and Design Considerations of Ferroelectric VNAND Memories With Polycrystalline Films Using An Experimentally Validated TCAD Model (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Thesberg M, Schanovsky F, Stanojević Z, Baumgartner O, Karner M.
Pubblicato in: ESSDERC 2023 - IEEE 53rd European Solid-State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC), 2023, ISBN 979-8-3503-0423-7
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/essderc59256.2023.10268518

INCLASS: Incremental Classification Strategy for Self-Aware Epileptic Seizure Detection (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Lorenzo Ferretti; Giovanni Ansaloni; Renaud Marquis; Tomas Teijeiro; Philippe Ryvlin; David Atienza; Laura Pozzi
Pubblicato in: 2022 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), Numero 1, 2022, Pagina/e 1449-1454
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/date54114.2022.9774713

Fine-grained analysis of the transformer model for efficient pruning (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: L. Ben Letaifa and J.-L. Rouas
Pubblicato in: 21st IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), Dec. 2022, Numero 2022, 2022
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/icmla55696.2022.00149

Overflow-free compute memories for edge AI acceleration (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Ponzina F, Rios M, Levisse A, Ansaloni G, Atienza D.
Pubblicato in: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, Numero ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing SystemsVolume 22Numero 5sArticle No.: 121, 2023, Pagina/e pp 1–23, ISSN 1539-9087
Editore: Association for Computing Machinary, Inc.
DOI: 10.1145/3609387

On the Modeling of Polycrystalline Ferroelectric Thin Films: Landau-Based Models Versus Monte Carlo-Based Models Versus Experiment (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: M. Thesberg, M. N. K. Alam, B. Truijen, B. Kaczer, P. J. Roussel, Z. Stanojević, O. Baumgartner, F. Schanovsky, M. Karner, H. Kosina
Pubblicato in: IEEE TED Vol 69, n°6, 2022, 2022, ISSN 0018-9383
Editore: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
DOI: 10.1109/ted.2022.3167942

Single-step reactive ion etching process for device integration of hafnium-zirconium-oxide (HZO)/titanium nitride (TiN) stacks (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Tom Mauersberger; Jens Trommer; Saurabh Sharma; Martin Knaut; Darius Pohl; Bernd Rellinghaus; Thomas Mikolajick; Andre Heinzig
Pubblicato in: Semiconductor Science and Technology, Numero 1, 2021, ISSN 0268-1242
Editore: Institute of Physics Publishing
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6641/ac1827

A hardware/software co-design vision for deep learning at the edge (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Ponzina, Flavio, Simone Machetti, Marco Antonio Rios, Benoît Walter Denkinger, Alexandre Sébastien Julien Levisse, Giovanni Ansaloni, Miguel Peon Quiros, and David Atienza Alonso
Pubblicato in: IEEE Micro - Special Numero on Artificial Intelligence at the Edge, 2022, ISSN 0272-1732
Editore: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
DOI: 10.1109/mm.2022.3195617

Compact modeling of 3D vertical junctionless gate-all-around silicon nanowire transistors towards 3D logic design (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Mukherjee, C., Poittevin, A., O'Connor, I., Larrieu, G., Maneux, C.
Pubblicato in: Solid-State Electronics, 2021, ISSN 0038-1101
Editore: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2021.108125

On the Potential of Ambipolar Schottky-Based Ferroelectric Transistor Designs for Enhanced Memory Windows in Scaled Devices (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Mischa Thesberg, Tetiana Obukhova, Damien Deleruyelle, Jens Trommer, Thomas Mikolajick, Oskar Baumgartner, Franz Schanovsky, Zlatan Stanojević, Markus Karner
Pubblicato in: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Numero 71, 2024, Pagina/e 6686-6690, ISSN 0018-9383
Editore: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
DOI: 10.1109/ted.2024.3459878

Cross-Shape Reconfigurable Field Effect Transistor for Flexible Signal Routing (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: C. Cakirlar, M. Simon, G. Galderisi, I. O’Connor, T. Mikolajick, J. Trommer
Pubblicato in: Materials Today Electronics, Numero Volume 4, June 2023, 100040, 2023, ISSN 2772-9494
Editore: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtelec.2023.100040

Nanoscale Thermal Transport in Vertical Gate-all-around Junction-less Nanowire Transistors - Part I: Experimental Methods (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: C. Mukherjee, H. Rezgui, Y. Wang, M. Deng, A. Kumar, J. Muller, G. Larrieu and C. Maneux
Pubblicato in: IEEE TED Vol 70 n°12, Numero 11 oct, 2023, ISSN 0018-9383
Editore: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
DOI: 10.1109/ted.2023.3321277

Bit-Line Computing for CNN Accelerators Co-Design in Edge AI Inference (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: Rios, M., Ponzina, F., Levisse, A.S.J., Ansaloni, G., Alonso, D.A., Amirshahi, A., Klein, J.A.H., Orlandi, M., Zanghieri, M., Schiavone, D. and Donati, E.,
Pubblicato in: IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing ( Volume: 11, Numero: 2, 01 April-June 2023), 2023, ISSN 2168-6750
Editore: IEEE Computer Society
DOI: 10.1109/tetc.2023.3237914

3D Logic circuit design oriented electrothermal modeling of vertical junctionless nanowire FETs (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: R. Bishnoi, S. Diware, A. Gebregiorgis, S. Thomann, S. Mannaa, B. Deveautour, C. Marchand, A. Bosio, D. Deleruyelle, I. O'Connor, H. Amrouch, S. Hamdioui
Pubblicato in: J. Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits, 2023, ISSN 2329-9231
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/jxcdc.2023.3309502

Nanoscale Thermal Transport in Vertical Gate-all-around Junction-less Nanowire Transistors- Part II: Multiphysics Simulation (si apre in una nuova finestra)

Autori: H. Rezgui, C. Mukherjee, Y. Wang, M. Deng, A. Kumar, J. Muller, G. Larrieu and C. Maneux
Pubblicato in: IEEE TED Vol 70 n°12, Numero oct.-23, 2023, ISSN 0018-9383
Editore: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
DOI: 10.1109/ted.2023.3321280

È in corso la ricerca di dati su OpenAIRE...

Si è verificato un errore durante la ricerca dei dati su OpenAIRE

Nessun risultato disponibile

Il mio fascicolo 0 0