Bovine colostrum could be a potential strategy against osteoporosis. COLOSTEO presented for the first time, the positive effects of bovine colostrum on bone health. Our bovine colostrum was effective in inducing significant improvements in bone health in rats with osteoporosis. Considering data from our in vitro study and in vivo study, our bovine colostrum seems to be stimulating osteoblast activity (these effects seem to be dose-dependent and not sex- dependent). However, the effects of our bovine colostrum do not seem to be at the same extend as the ones induced by alendronate (a standard frug for the treatment of osteoporosis); i.e. alendronate is more effective in preventing bone mass losses than bovine colostrum. Nevertheless, considering the positive effects induced by bovine colostrum, the fact that these effects are not at the same scale as alendronate, does not mean that bovine colostrum cannot be used as a preventative strategy. In fact, COLOSTEO research results could potentially have a significant impact in the society, as bovine colostrum could be used as a supplement to prevent bone losses. Nevertheless, we also must be aware that, contrary to the results obtained in vitro and in vivo, our bovine colostrum seems not to induce any effects in human participants with both osteoporosis and osteopenia. A potential reason for the lack of effects in humans could be related to the dose of colostrum used, i.e. maybe the dose that we used in humans was not sufficient to induce effects. Future research should consider COLOSTEO data and take it to another level, i.e. manipulate dose, timing and frequency of administration in humans. The participated researchers were provided with new career perspectives. They were given access to state of-the-art knowledge, techniques and research facilities, and/or information about market and technological needs and products, therefore potentiating opportunities for the researchers and organizations. Moreover, they obtained new technical capabilities ranging technical capabilities ranging from animal physiology, human physiology, act development. In addition, the participated researchers had the opportunity to gain benefits including personal development, career progress, exposure to a different organisational culture, opportunity to change direction, and time for contemplation and re-evaluation of the existing skills and abilities. They were able to bring skills into their home organisations that otherwise would not have been available.
