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Zawartość zarchiwizowana w dniu 2022-12-23

Biomembrane structure: the coexistence of lipids with ordered (gel) and molten alkyl chains in the same bilayer

Cel

All biological membranes consist of a lipid bilayer within which a wide range of proteins is embedded. The lipid bilayer is the basic structural framework for the activity of the proteins; hence an accurate understanding of its structure is essential for molecular biology. There are two common states of mobility for the lipids. The first is an almost fully molten state similar to that of liquid hydrocarbons, the second, known as the gel phase (Lb), has mobility similar to that of hydrocarbon "rotator" phases. In model systems at equilibrium these two states occur as separate phases. In natural membrane systems the presence of gel and lamellar states within a single membrane is well established, although the presence of the gel is not an optimum condition for cell growth. In this study we will examine three major objectives to elucidate the detailed behaviour and structure of gel/lamellar coexistence. First, whether or not the coexistence of the two states can be induced in single bilayers in specially selected model phospholipid systems (lecithins) will be investigated. Secondly, the detailed structures of the alkyl chains in the various gel phases will be examined. Thirdly, gel and lamellar coexistence in natural lipid extracts will be studied.

The project is multi-disciplinary, involving thermal analysis (DSC.DTA) polarising optical and electron microscopy, laboratory and synchrotron Xray studies, multi-nuclear NMR, and neutron scattering. The range of experimental techniques has been selected to measure both macroscopic and molecular properties in order to address these problems. It is timely to undertake this project now because recent developments in the techniques have much improved their measurement capability, whilst the general background information about lipid/surfactant mesophases has also advanced significantly.

This work will lead to a significant increase in the understanding of the structure of biomembranes. The presence of gel patches in natural membranes has obvious implications for membrane function. The gel patches will influence diffusion across and within the membrane. They will exclude some components, hence increasing their concentration elsewhere. This could lead to channel formation or to membrane fusion. It will certainly influence proteins on the surface and within the membranes, leading to changes in enzyme activity.

As well as biological applications, there are many implications for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics/personal care products, foods and fabric care products. The market for gel phases is of order 105-6 tonnes p.a. with a value of at least £108-9 per year. Gel phases are employed as stabilisers in skin creams, as hair and fabric conditioners, and as slow release systems for drugs. A major new application is in the manufacture of low fat food products such as frozen deserts ("low fat ice creams") and spreads. With a sound understanding of gel phase structures in mixed chain lipids it will be possible to improve current products and to find novel applications, particularly in the areas of slow and controlled release.

Program(-y)

Wieloletnie programy finansowania, które określają priorytety Unii Europejskiej w obszarach badań naukowych i innowacji.

Temat(-y)

Zaproszenia do składania wniosków dzielą się na tematy. Każdy temat określa wybrany obszar lub wybrane zagadnienie, których powinny dotyczyć wnioski składane przez wnioskodawców. Opis tematu obejmuje jego szczegółowy zakres i oczekiwane oddziaływanie finansowanego projektu.

Zaproszenie do składania wniosków

Procedura zapraszania wnioskodawców do składania wniosków projektowych w celu uzyskania finansowania ze środków Unii Europejskiej.

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System finansowania

Program finansowania (lub „rodzaj działania”) realizowany w ramach programu o wspólnych cechach. Określa zakres finansowania, stawkę zwrotu kosztów, szczegółowe kryteria oceny kwalifikowalności kosztów w celu ich finansowania oraz stosowanie uproszczonych form rozliczania kosztów, takich jak rozliczanie ryczałtowe.

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Koordynator

University of Manchester
Wkład UE
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Adres
Sackville Street
M60 1QD Manchester
Zjednoczone Królestwo

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Koszt całkowity

Ogół kosztów poniesionych przez organizację w związku z uczestnictwem w projekcie. Obejmuje koszty bezpośrednie i pośrednie. Kwota stanowi część całkowitego budżetu projektu.

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