Sodium-Zinc molten salt batteries for low-cost stationary storage

Informacje na temat projektu

SOLSTICE

Identyfikator umowy o grant: 963599

DOI

10.3030/963599

Projekt został zamknięty

Data podpisania przez KE 28 Października 2020

Data rozpoczęcia 1 Stycznia 2021

Data zakończenia 30 Czerwca 2025

Finansowanie w ramach

• SOCIETAL CHALLENGES - Secure, clean and efficient energy

Koszt całkowity

€ 7 720 798,75

Wkład UE

€ 7 720 798,75

Koordynowany przez

HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM DRESDEN-ROSSENDORF EV
Germany

CORDIS oferuje możliwość skorzystania z odnośników do publicznie dostępnych publikacji i rezultatów projektów realizowanych w ramach programów ramowych HORYZONT.

Odnośniki do rezultatów i publikacji związanych z poszczególnymi projektami 7PR, a także odnośniki do niektórych konkretnych kategorii wyników, takich jak zbiory danych i oprogramowanie, są dynamicznie pobierane z systemu OpenAIRE .

Rezultaty

Documents, reports (11)

Publication on conductivity measurements

Results on conductivity measurements will be presented. The knowledge of the ionic conductivity of the salt electrolyte is highly important, because it is needed for modelling and determines the ohmic cell losses.

Memo on current collector development

The results of the current collector development will be presented. It will include, e.g., the wetting by Zn.

Report about optimised cell design and production system for all-liquid cells

Results on an optimised cell design for all-liquid cells will be reported. This will include a production-optimised design.

Preliminary LCA and eco-design recommendation

A preliminary LCA will be presented. Eco-design recommendation will be given for cell development.

Report or publication on all-liquid cell electrolyte phase diagram

Results on the all-liquid cell electrolyte will be presented. This will include e.g. a phase-diagramme.

Report or publication on Na- and Zn-solubility measurements

Results on Na- and Zn-solubility measurements will be presented. Special focus will lay on the solubility of Na in the molten salt.

First Report on societal impact assessment

The results of a preliminary societal impact assessment will be presented.

Report or publication on 1D model

Results on the development of the 1D numerical cell voltage model will be reported. If possible, results will be published as a journal article.

Memo on diaphragm development

Results on diaphragm development will be reported. It will include, e.g., the material and optimal shape of the diaphragm.

Final Report on societal impact assessment

The final results of the societal impact assessment will be presented.

Report on investment and operating cost

Results on investment and operating cost of the batteries will be presented.

Websites, patent fillings, videos etc. (1)

Project Website

A project website of SOLSTICE will be developed. It will serve as an information resource for all target groups.

Publikacje

Peer reviewed articles (25)

Membrane‐Free Alkali Metal‐Iodide Battery with a Molten Salt

Autorzy: Juhan Lee; Gleidys Monrrabal-Marquez; Martins Sarma; Tobias Lappan; Yvonne Jasmin Hofstetter; Pavel Trtik; Steffen Landgraf; Wenjin Ding; Sumit Kumar; Yana Vaynzof; Norbert Weber; Tom Weier
Opublikowane w: Energy Technology, Numer 2300051, 2023, Strona(/y) 1-12, ISSN 2194-4296
Wydawca: Wiley
DOI: 10.1002/ente.202300051

Reusable Cell Design for High-Temperature (600 °C) Liquid Metal Battery Cycling

Autorzy: Martins Sarma, Juhan Lee, William Nash, Tobias Lappan, Natalia Shevchenko, Steffen Landgraf, Gleidys Monrrabal, Pavel Trtik, Norbert Weber and Tom Weier
Opublikowane w: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Numer 171/4, 2024, Strona(/y) 040531, ISSN 1945-7111
Wydawca: IOP Publishing
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad3b78

Anode-metal drop formation and detachment mechanisms in liquid metal batteries

Autorzy: Sabrina Bénard, Norbert Weber, Gerrit Maik Horstmann, Steffen Landgraf, Tom Weier
Opublikowane w: Journal of Power Sources, Numer 510, 2021, Strona(/y) 230339, ISSN 0378-7753
Wydawca: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230339

Yamdb: easily accessible thermophysical properties of liquid metals and molten salts

Autorzy: Tom Weier, William Nash, Paolo Personnettaz, Norbert Weber
Opublikowane w: Journal of Open Research Software, 2025, ISSN 2049-9647
Wydawca: Ubiquity Press

Enhancing Specific Energy and Cycling Stability of High-Temperature Na-ZnCl2 Batteries with Foam-Based Electrodes

Autorzy: Sajad Rahimi, Enea Svaluto-Ferro, Rohat Celik, Fabrizio Vagliani, Diego Basso, Alberto Turconi, Andrea Pozzi, Corsin Battaglia, Meike V. F. Heinz
Opublikowane w: Advanced Energy Materials, Numer 2501893, 2025, ISSN 1614-6832
Wydawca: Wiley-VCH Verlag
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202501893

On the Usage of Battery Equivalent Series Resistance for Shuntless Coulomb Counting and SOC Estimation

Autorzy: Alessio De Angelis, Paolo Carbone, Francesco Santoni, Michele Vitelli, Luca Ruscitti
Opublikowane w: MDPI Batteries, Numer 9(6), 2023, Strona(/y) 286, ISSN 2313-0105
Wydawca: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.3390/batteries9060286

Microstructural Analysis of Effective Electrode Conductivity in Molten Salt, Na-ZnCl₂ Batteries

Autorzy: O. E. Godinez-Brizuela; Daniel Niblett; Kristian E. Einarsrud
Opublikowane w: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Numer 00134651, 2022, ISSN 0013-4651
Wydawca: Electrochemical Society, Inc.
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac8edd

Fluid mechanics of Na-Zn liquid metal batteries

Autorzy: C. Duczek, G. M. Horstmann, W. Ding, K. E. Einarsrud, A. Y. Gelfgat, O. E. Godinez-Brizuela, O. S. Kjos, S. Landgraf, T. Lappan, G. Monrrabal, W. Nash, P. Personnettaz, M. Sarma, C. Sommerseth, P. Trtik, N. Weber, T. Weier
Opublikowane w: Applied Physics Reviews, Numer 11, 2024, ISSN 1931-9401
Wydawca: AIP Publishing LLC
DOI: 10.1063/5.0225593

Erratum: Electrical Conductivity of Binary, Ternary, Quaternary and Quinary Molten Salt Mixtures Based on NaCl–CaCl₂ [J. Electrochem. Soc., 171, 106503 (2024)]

Autorzy: Camilla Sommerseth, Kent-Robert Molvik, Helene Hillestad, Marthe Nybrodahl, Wojciech Gebarowski, Ole S. Kjos
Opublikowane w: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Numer 171, 2024, Strona(/y) 119001, ISSN 0013-4651
Wydawca: Electrochemical Society, Inc.
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad8fda

Simulation of potential and species distribution in a Li||Bi liquid metal battery using coupled meshes

Autorzy: Duczek, Carolina; Weber, Norbert; Godinez-Brizuela, Omar E.; Weier, Tom
Opublikowane w: Electrochimica Acta 437(2023), 141413, Numer 1, 2023, ISSN 0013-4686
Wydawca: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141413

Glass-based sealants for joining α to β’’-Al2O3 in Na–Zn batteries

Autorzy: Fabiana D'Isanto, Andrea Baggio, Milena Salvo, Diego Basso, Daniele Gaia, Federico Smeacetto
Opublikowane w: Ceramics International, Numer 50/9, Part A, 2024, Strona(/y) 14542-14549, ISSN 0272-8842
Wydawca: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.01.367

Scaling of Planar Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery Cells to 90 cm2 Active Area

Autorzy: Tu Lan; Enea Svaluto-Ferro; Natalia Kovalska; Gustav Graeber; Fabrizio Vagliani; Diego Basso; Alberto Turconi; Malgorzata Makowska; Gurdial Blugan; Corsin Battaglia; Meike V. F. Heinz
Opublikowane w: Batteries & Supercaps, Numer e202400447, 2024, ISSN 2566-6223
Wydawca: Wiley-VCH
DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400447

Influence of precursor morphology and cathode processing on performance and cycle life of sodium-zinc chloride (Na-ZnCl2) battery cells

Autorzy: Louis Sieuw, Tu Lan, Enea Svaluto-Ferro, Fabrizio Vagliani, Sumit Kumar, Wenjin Ding, Alberto Turconi, Diego Basso, Andrea Pozzi, Corsin Battaglia, Meike V. F. Heinz
Opublikowane w: Energy Storage Materials, Numer Vol. 64, 2024, Strona(/y) 103077, ISSN 2405-8289
Wydawca: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2023.103077

Layer coupling between solutal and thermal convection in liquid metal batteries

Autorzy: Paolo Personnettaz, Tanja Sophia Klopper, Norbert Weber, Tom Weier
Opublikowane w: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Numer 188, 2022, Strona(/y) 122555, ISSN 0017-9310
Wydawca: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.122555

AlCl3-NaCl-ZnCl2 Secondary Electrolyte in Next-Generation ZEBRA (Na-ZnCl2) Battery

Autorzy: Sumit Kumar, Wenjin Ding, Ralf Hoffmann, Louis Sieuw, Meike V. F. Heinz, Norbert Weber, Alexander Bonk
Opublikowane w: MDPI Batteries, Numer 9/8, 2023, Strona(/y) 401, ISSN 2313-0105
Wydawca: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/batteries9080401

Optimizing rheological behavior of glass-based sealant inks for robocasting deposition: A design of experiment approach

Autorzy: A. Baggio, D. Dalmazzo, F. D’Isanto, E. Santagata, D. Basso, D. Gaia, M. Salvo, F. Smeacetto
Opublikowane w: Materials & Design, Numer 251, 2025, Strona(/y) 113678, ISSN 0264-1275
Wydawca: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113678

Electrical Conductivity of Binary, Ternary, Quaternary and Quinary Molten Salt Mixtures Based on NaCl-CaCl₂

Autorzy: Camilla Sommerseth, Kent-Robert Molvik, Helene Hillestad, Marthe Nybrodahl, Wojciech Gebarowski, Ole S. Kjos
Opublikowane w: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Numer 171, 2024, Strona(/y) 106503, ISSN 0013-4651
Wydawca: Electrochemical Society, Inc.
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad83f7

Cell voltage model for Li-Bi liquid metal batteries

Autorzy: Norbert Weber, Carolina Duczek, Gerrit M. Horstmann, Steffen Landgraf, Michael Nimtz, Paolo Personnettaz, Tom Weier, Donald R. Sadoway
Opublikowane w: Applied Energy, Numer 309, 2022, Strona(/y) 118331, ISSN 0306-2619
Wydawca: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118331

Planar sodium-nickel chloride batteries with high areal capacity for sustainable energy storage

Autorzy: Tu Lan, Gustav Graeber, Louis Sieuw, Enea Svaluto-Ferro, Fabrizio Vagliani, Diego Basso, Alberto Turconi, Corsin Battaglia, Meike V. F. Heinz
Opublikowane w: Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, ISSN 1616-301X
Wydawca: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202302040

Diaphragm performance of high-temperature Na–Zn cells evaluated by neutron imaging

Autorzy: William Nash, Martins Sarma, Tobias Lappan, Pavel Trtik, Cathrine K.W. Solem, Zhaohui Wang, Carolina Duczek, Alberto Beltrán, Norbert Weber, Tom Weier
Opublikowane w: Journal of Energy Storage, Numer 114, 2025, Strona(/y) 115542, ISSN 2352-152X
Wydawca: Elsevier Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115542

Solutal convection in Na–Zn liquid metal batteries and its impact on self-discharge

Autorzy: C. Duczek, N. Weber, W. Nash, M. Sarma, T. Weier
Opublikowane w: Physics of Fluids, Numer 37, 2025, Strona(/y) 023370, ISSN 1089-7666
Wydawca: AIP Publishing
DOI: 10.1063/5.0253032

A continuous multiphase model for liquid metal batteries

Autorzy: Omar E. Godinez-Brizuela, Carolina Duczek, Norbert Weber, William Nash, Martins Sarma, Kristian E. Einarsrud
Opublikowane w: Journal of Energy Storage, Numer 73, 2023, Strona(/y) 109147, ISSN 2352-1538
Wydawca: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.109147

The Joining of Alumina to Hastelloy by a TiZrCuNi Filler Metal: Wettability and Interfacial Reactivity

Autorzy: Andrea Baggio; Fabiana D’Isanto; Fabrizio Valenza; Sofia Gambaro; Valentina Casalegno; Milena Salvo; Federico Smeacetto
Opublikowane w: MDPI Materials, Numer 16/5, 2023, Strona(/y) 1976, ISSN 1996-1944
Wydawca: MDPI Open Access Publishing
DOI: 10.3390/ma16051976

Cell design strategies for sodium-zinc chloride (Na-ZnCl2) batteries, and first demonstration of tubular cells with 38 Ah capacity

Autorzy: Meike V. F. Heinz, Louis Sieuw, Tu Lan, Alberto Turconi, Diego Basso, Fabrizio Vagliani, Andrea Pozzi, and Corsin Battaglia
Opublikowane w: Electrochimica Acta, Numer 464, 2023, Strona(/y) 142881, ISSN 1873-3859
Wydawca: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142881

Molten Salt Electrolyte for Na-ZnCl2 All-Liquid Battery for Grid Storage

Autorzy: Wenjin Ding, Ralf Hoffmann, Akshata Barge, Ole S. Kjos, Norbert Weber, Tom Weier, Thomas Bauer
Opublikowane w: Batteries, Numer 11, 2025, Strona(/y) 177, ISSN 2313-0105
Wydawca: MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/batteries11050177

Thesis and dissertations (7)

Development of molten chloride salt electrolytes in Na-ZnCl2 batteries for large-scale energy storage

Autorzy: Sumit Kumar
Opublikowane w: 2021, Strona(/y) 87
Wydawca: University of Stuttgart / German Aerospace Center

A Study of the Sodium Oxidation and Reduction Reactions in the Na-Zn All-Liquid Battery

Autorzy: Helene Hillestad
Opublikowane w: 2024
Wydawca: NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Investigating the investment and operational costs of the Na-Zn molten salt battery and evaluating how cost competitive it will be against other technologies in the future

Autorzy: Ross Berridge
Opublikowane w: 2021
Wydawca: Imperial College London

Electrochemical Reduction and Oxidation of Zinc in Chloride Melts for Use in the All-Liquid Na-Zn Battery

Autorzy: Frode Sunde Halrynjo
Opublikowane w: 2024
Wydawca: NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Development of Molten Salt Electrolytes in Na-ZnCl2 All Liquid Battery for Electrical Grid Storage

Autorzy: Farouk, Mohamed
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: TU Berlin (Master thesis)

Simulations of mass transport in liquid metal electrodes

Autorzy: Paolo Personnettaz
Opublikowane w: 2022, Strona(/y) 221
Wydawca: TU Dresden

Sodium-Zinc solid electrolyte batteries - the enabler of low-cost energy storage?

Autorzy: Chanwith Buntoengpesuchsakul
Opublikowane w: 2022, Strona(/y) 104
Wydawca: Imperial College London

Non-peer reviewed articles (1)

Risk assessment for Na-Zn liquid metal batteries

Autorzy: Norbert Weber, Carolina Duczek, Gleidys Monrrabal, William Nash, Martins Sarma, Tom Weier
Opublikowane w: Open Research Europe, Numer 4, 2024, Strona(/y) 236, ISSN 2732-5121
Wydawca: F1000 Research Ltd
DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17733.1

Book chapters (4)

Decommissioning, Characterization, and Proposed Recycling Route of a Used Na-ZnCl2 Battery Cell

Autorzy: Cathrine K. W. Solem, Thomas Park Simonsen, Fabrizio Vagliani, Zhaohui Wang, Stein Rørvik, Alberto Turconi, Andrea Pozzi, Camilla Sommerseth, Karen S. Osen, Kent-Robert Molvik, Ole S. Kjos
Opublikowane w: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, REWAS 2025, 2025, Strona(/y) 99-111, ISBN 978-3-031-80892-0
Wydawca: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-80892-0_10

Liquid metal batteries

Autorzy: Norbert Weber; Tom Weier
Opublikowane w: Electrochemical Cell Calculations with OpenFOAM, 2022, Strona(/y) 193-212, ISBN 978-3-030-92177-4
Wydawca: Springer
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92178-1_7

Sodium Resistance of Ceramic and Glass Materials—Na Thermo-gravimetric Analysis and Liquid Na Exposure Test

Autorzy: Ole S. Kjos, Zhaohui Wang, Kent-Robert Molvik, Stein Rørvik, Cathrine K. W. Solem, Camilla Sommerseth
Opublikowane w: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, TMS 2025 154th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 2025, Strona(/y) 1198-1210, ISBN 978-3-031-80748-0
Wydawca: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-80748-0_106

Treatise on Process Metallurgy, Volume 2B

Autorzy: M. V. F. Heinz, D. Landmann, D. Basso, C. Battaglia
Opublikowane w: Treatise on Process Metallurgy, Volume 2B: Unit Processes, 2025, Strona(/y) 655-666, ISBN 978-0-443-40294-4
Wydawca: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/c2024-0-01885-1

Conference proceedings (2)

Molten Salt Electrolyte in Na-ZnCl2 Solid Electrolyte Battery for Electricity Storage

Autorzy: Ding, Wenjin; Kumar, Sumit; Bonk, Alexander; Heinz, Meike; Weber, Norbert; Bauer, Thomas
Opublikowane w: International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, 2022
Wydawca: EUROSOLAR

Pore-Scale Micro-Structural Analysis of Electrode Conductance in Metal Displacement Batteries

Autorzy: Omar Emmanuel Godinez Brizuela, Daniel Niblett, Kristian E. Einarsrud
Opublikowane w: 241st ECS Meeting, Numer 29 May - 2 June 2022, 2022
Wydawca: The Electrochemical Society