Scientists use space launch to unlock life's secret
Europe's Advanced Protein Crystallisation Facility (APCF) is scheduled for launch to the International Space Station (ISS) at 21:15 this evening, August 10 2001. The APCF, developed by a German company under contract with the European Space Agency, was due for lift-off on 9 August in the NASA Discovery shuttle. The launch was delayed, however, due to unfavourable weather conditions. Once on board the ISS - where it will stay for three months - the APCF will perform a series of automated experiments that could be a step towards a better understanding of protein crystallisation. Scientists use a technique called X-ray crystallography, which requires large, pure crystals, to analyse protein structure. Large crystals are difficult to manufacture on Earth but grow more easily in space, outside the interfering tug of the earth's gravity. It is hoped that the ISS will provide ideal condition for the production of such crystals. The APCF will aid the process through the use of a newly-designed reactor for the crystal formation. A three-dimensional imaging system will allow scientists to make precise observations of every stage of the process. Protein molecules perform key biochemical functions inside living cells. They store and carry biological information, act as chemical catalysts and provide membranes and cell walls. Proteins are mainly composed of amino acids, which have the ability to arrange themselves in an almost infinite number of ways, giving rise to huge, very complex molecules. The shape and structure of each protein is integral to the functions it performs. Further understanding of the role of structure in protein function will throw light on the intimate workings of life itself, and could provide the key to important medical advances.